32 Vibrio, Campylobacter, and Helicobacter
heart is like wax; it is melted in the midst of my bowels. —The Bible: Psalms 22:14 This group of curved Gram-negative rods includes Vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera,…
19 Papilloma and Polyoma Viruses
PAPILLOMAVIRUSES VIROLOGY Papillomaviruses are small, naked capsid (unenveloped), double-stranded, circular DNA viruses exhibiting cubic (icosahedral) symmetry of 55 nm in diameter (Figure 19–1). The icosahedral capsid comprises two capsid (structural)…
40 Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and Bartonella
BACTERIOLOGY STRUCTURE Rickettsiae are small coccobacilli (Figure 40–1) which measure no more than 0.3 to 0.5 μm. Although the Gram reaction is negative, rickettsiae take the usual bacterial stains poorly…
22 Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections
Microbes gain access from the environment Skin is a major protective barrier For the internal surfaces a viscous mucin secreted by goblet cells protects the epithelium lining of the respiratory…
1 Infection—Basic Concepts
FIGURE 1–1. Death rates for infectious disease in the United States in the 20th century. Note the steady decline in death rates related to the introduction of public health, immunization,…
43 Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Fungal Infection
FIGURE 43–1. Fungi system view. Localized disease (left) is caused by local trauma or the superficial invasion of flora resident on the oropharyngeal (thrush), gastrointestinal, or vaginal mucosa. Systemic disease…
35 Pseudomonas and Other Opportunistic Gram-negative Bacilli
BACTERIOLOGY Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative rod that is slimmer and more pale staining than members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Its most striking bacteriologic feature is the production of…
20 Persistent Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System
TABLE 20–2 Unconventional Virus (Prion) Diseasesa TABLE 20–3 Biologic and Physical Properties of Prions • Chronic progressive pathology without remission or recovery • No inflammatory response • No alteration in…
39 Chlamydia
BACTERIOLOGY Chlamydia trachomatis are round cells between 0.3 and 1 μm in diameter depending on the stage in the replicative cycle (see below). Their envelope is of the Gram-negative type…
28 Actinomyces and Nocardia
ACTINOMYCES BACTERIOLOGY Actinomyces are typically elongated Gram-positive rods that branch at acute angles (Figure 28-1). They are Gram-positive bacilli that grow slowly (4-10 days) under micro-aerophilic or strictly anaerobic conditions….
