Drugs for Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders
Figure 28–1 Physiology of gastric acid secretion and sites of drug action. Gastric acid is secreted by the proton pump (H+,K+-ATPase) located in the luminal membrane of parietal cells. H+,K+-ATPase…
Thyroid Drugs
Figure 32–1 The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Thyroid hormone synthesis is initiated by the release of thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus, which stimulates the pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH…
Quinolones, Antifolate Drugs, and Other Antimicrobial Agents
Figure 40–1 Mechanisms of action of antifolate drugs. Sulfonamides inhibit the action of dihydropteroate synthase and thereby block the synthesis of dihydrofolate. Trimethoprim inhibits the action of dihydrofolate reductase and…
Antianginal Drugs
Figure 11–1 Classification and pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease. Variant angina, also called Prinzmetal’s angina, is considered a form of unstable angina if the angina attacks occur with increasing severity…
Antifungal Drugs
Many antifungal drugs act by impairing plasma membrane function in fungal cells. The selective toxicity of these drugs is caused by the difference in the sterols found in fungal and…
Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists
The M2 and M4 receptors are coupled with Gαi proteins and their activation decreases cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP, or cAMP) levels, by inhibiting adenylate cyclase, or increases potassium efflux….
Drugs of Abuse
TABLE 25–2 Emergency Treatment of Drug Intoxication Drug Pharmacologic Treatment Nonpharmacologic Treatment Alcohol None Support vital functions Amphetamines Lorazepam for agitation and haloperidol for psychosis Monitor and support cardiac function…
Drugs for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Figure 24–1 Pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. The striatum receives input from the entire cerebral cortex and the substantia nigra and sends projections to the thalamus via direct and indirect pathways…
Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis
Figure 39–1 Bacterial protein synthesis and sites of drug action. The bacterial ribosome is composed of a 30S subunit and a 50S subunit. The steps in protein synthesis and translation…
Hypothalamic and Pituitary Drugs
Figure 31–1 Relationships between hypothalamic hormones, pituitary hormones, and target organs. Numerous hormone-releasing and hormone-inhibiting factors formed in the arcuate and other hypothalamic nuclei are transported to the anterior pituitary…
