22 Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections
Microbes gain access from the environment Skin is a major protective barrier For the internal surfaces a viscous mucin secreted by goblet cells protects the epithelium lining of the respiratory…
1 Infection—Basic Concepts
FIGURE 1–1. Death rates for infectious disease in the United States in the 20th century. Note the steady decline in death rates related to the introduction of public health, immunization,…
43 Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Fungal Infection
FIGURE 43–1. Fungi system view. Localized disease (left) is caused by local trauma or the superficial invasion of flora resident on the oropharyngeal (thrush), gastrointestinal, or vaginal mucosa. Systemic disease…
35 Pseudomonas and Other Opportunistic Gram-negative Bacilli
BACTERIOLOGY Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative rod that is slimmer and more pale staining than members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Its most striking bacteriologic feature is the production of…
20 Persistent Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System
TABLE 20–2 Unconventional Virus (Prion) Diseasesa TABLE 20–3 Biologic and Physical Properties of Prions • Chronic progressive pathology without remission or recovery • No inflammatory response • No alteration in…
39 Chlamydia
BACTERIOLOGY Chlamydia trachomatis are round cells between 0.3 and 1 μm in diameter depending on the stage in the replicative cycle (see below). Their envelope is of the Gram-negative type…
28 Actinomyces and Nocardia
ACTINOMYCES BACTERIOLOGY Actinomyces are typically elongated Gram-positive rods that branch at acute angles (Figure 28-1). They are Gram-positive bacilli that grow slowly (4-10 days) under micro-aerophilic or strictly anaerobic conditions….
50 Antiparasitic Agents and Resistance
Antimalarial Quinolines Cinchona bark was used in Europe for the treatment of malaria beginning in the 1600s. Its active ingredient is a quinoline alkaloid called quinine. Synthesis of new quinolines…
7 Pathogenesis of Viral Infection
FIGURE 7–1. Stages of poliovirus pathogenesis. The diagram illustrates multiple steps of poliovirus pathogenesis, starting from virus entry through oropharynx (fecal-oral transmission), virus multiplication at the site of entry (gut),…
