Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV Angiocentric glioma Diffuse astrocytoma Anaplastic astrocytoma Glioblastoma Pilocytic astrocytoma Oligodendroglioma Anaplastic oligodendroglioma Giant cell glioblastoma Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) Oligoastrocytoma Anaplastic…

Fig. 13.1 Gross image of AT/RT. Tumor (pink to tan mass) with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis located at the cerebellopontine angle Histopathology AT/RTs can be quite heterogeneous and are…

Fig. 12.1 Histologic features of normal choroid plexus and choroid plexus tumors. (a) Normal choroid plexus demonstrating typical “cobblestone” appearance (40×). (b) Choroid plexus papilloma, in contrast to normal choroid…

Definite—One primary, two secondary, or one secondary plus two tertiary features Probable—One secondary, plus one tertiary or three tertiary features Suspect—One secondary, or two tertiary features Primary features Facial angiofibromasa…

Fig. 1.1 Genes involved in predisposition to brain tumors. Cancer predisposing syndromes can be grouped in a variety of ways. Some syndromes will have many clinical manifestations, among which cancer…

Fig. 3.1 Examples of FISH applications in molecular neuropathology: (a–c) 1p evaluation, 1p red, 1q green: (a) Maintenance of 1p (2:2 signals), (b) 1p loss (1:2 signals), (c) relative deletions/superloss…

Fig. 7.1 Pediatric glioblastoma exhibiting pseudopalisading necrosis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of a Grade IV GBM (40× magnification). Arrows point to pseudopalisading necrosis Anaplastic astrocytomas differ from anaplastic oligodendrogliomas by…

Histology N % of all tumors Median age Rate (95 % CI) Glioblastoma 49,088 15.8 64 3.19 (3.16–3.22) Anaplastic astrocytoma  5,374  1.7 54 0.36 (0.35–0.37) Anaplastic oligodendroglioma  1,687  0.5 49…

Fig. 14.1 (a, b) H&E, (c) ERG, (d) Inhibin, (e) Carbomic anhydrase and (f) Azocarmine. (a) H&E stain shows a highly vascular neoplasm. The tumor is composed of vascular cells…

Fig. 2.1 Properties of stem cells. Stem cells have the ability to self-renew and differentiate to a mature cell through an intermediate progenitor. The ability to give rise to cells…