Figure 16–1 Normal hemostasis. (1) When a small blood vessel is injured, vasospasm reduces blood flow and facilitates platelet aggregation and coagulation. (2) The platelets, which adhere to extravascular collagen,…
The classification includes two stages of hypertension that confer differences in follow-up recommendations and management. In addition to providing information about lifestyle modifications, stage 1 hypertension should be confirmed within…
Sites of Drug Action Some antipsychotic drugs (e.g., clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone) block serotonin 5-HT2 receptors in the mesocortical pathway to the prefrontal lobe cortex. This increases the release of…
Figure 20–1 Patterns on electroencephalogram (EEG) in the normal state and during seizures. The locations of seizure foci are shown as shaded areas on the cerebral hemispheres. (A) In the…
Figure 18–1 CNS neurotransmission and sites of drug action. CNS drugs act primarily by affecting the synthesis, storage, release, reuptake, or degradation of neurotransmitters (NTs) or by activating receptors. NTs…
Figure 8–1 Primary tissue locations of α-adrenoceptors and β-adrenoceptors. Whereas α1– and β2-adrenoceptors are primarily located in smooth muscle, β1-adrenoceptors are predominantly found in cardiac tissue. Some α2-adrenoceptors are located…
Effects of Drugs on Sleep Architecture The sleep patterns of patients with insomnia vary widely but are often characterized by reduced amounts of slow-wave sleep and by one or more…
Figure 12–1 Pathophysiology and treatment of heart failure. ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme. The combination of edema-related hypoxemia and the heart’s failure to pump sufficient blood to adequately perfuse the tissues…
OVERVIEW Endoparasitic infections are extremely common in many parts of the world, particularly in areas where the climate is warm and moist, the sanitation is poor, and insects and other…
Figure 27–1 Pathophysiology of asthma and sites of anti-inflammatory drug action. When allergens activate T cells, cytokine production is stimulated. The cytokines, in turn, trigger the recruitment, activation, and release…
