Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid–Base Balance
In the ICF, potassium is the dominant cation. Total body potassium is normally approximately 42 mEq/kg, and most of this potassium is intracellular and freely exchangeable. Magnesium and sodium ions…
Childhood Tumors
Figure 105-1. Percentage distribution of childhood solid tumors by age (SEER data, 1975–1995). In the United States, the cancer survival rate in children has improved over time. This is largely…
Pediatric Genitourinary System
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPCKD) – also known as infantile polycystic kidney disease – results from mutations in the PKHD1 gene of the chromosomal locus 6p12.2. The classic presentation…
Cerebrovascular Disease
Figure 89-1. Stroke due to carotid bifurcation occlusive disease is usually caused by atheroemboli arising from the internal carotid artery, which provides the majority of blood flow to the cerebral…
Environmental Injuries
Figure 33-1. Heat sensor – nasal pit. (Photo courtesy of Ronny Stewart, MD.) Snakes are easily identifiable reptiles, marked anatomically by the large number (greater than 120) of precloacal vertebral…
Cutaneous Neoplasms
Figure 107-1. Examples of skin lesions. A: Giant congenital nevus. B: Lentigo maligna (Hutchinson freckle). C: Melanoma arising in a lentigo maligna (lentigo maligna melanoma). D: Superficial spreading melanoma. E:…
Adrenal Gland
Figure 77-1. A: Arterial (dark shaded) and venous (light shaded) anatomy of the adrenal glands. B: Schematic showing outer adrenal cortex (light shaded) and inner adrenal medulla (dark shaded). The…
Hepatic Transplantation
2 How is it possible to properly select patients and properly time transplantation so that the benefit of transplantation is assured? In 2002, the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network began…
Surgical Infections
Source Control 4 Source control is defined as any physical intervention to remove or eliminate a focus of invasive infection (drainage, debridement, and device removal) and to restore optimal anatomic…
Neoplasms of the Endocrine Pancreas
Well-differentiated PENs can also be classified as functional or nonfunctional based on the presence or absence of an associated clinically recognizable syndrome (Table 56-2). These syndromes are the result of…
