Synovium Normal Synovium: Microanatomy and Function The major function of the synovium is to provide joint tissue with lubrication and nutrient oxygen and proteins. Its complex structure leads to central…

Metabolic Bone Disease: Part II Renal Osteodystrophy The term “renal osteodystrophy” (ROD) refers to a host of skeletal problems seen in association with long-standing renal disease and hemodialysis (1). A…

Vascular and Other Mesenchymal Tumors and Lesions Vascular Lesions Vascular lesions of the skeleton occupy a tenuous niche with regard to nomenclature and unpredictable biologic behavior. They range from benign…

Bone Manifestations of Hematologic Disorders and Small Cell Tumors Jeffrey F. Lipton, M.D Vincent J. Vigorita, M.D. The osseous and articular changes of hematologic disorders consist of primary or secondary…

Bone-Forming Bone Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions Osteoma Osteomas are benign slow-growing radiodense tumor-like lesions characterized pathologically by predominantly mature lamellar bone. Several clinicopathologic syndromes are known (Table 9.1). Osteomas may…

Soft Tissue Pathology Ligaments Ligaments are connective tissue structures that connect bones. Their functions include guiding joint motion and stabilizing joints. Ligaments consist essentially of collagen, but the presence of…

Joint Arthroplasty Pathology Joint replacement surgery represents one of the most successful medical advances of the 20th century and has shown a logarithmic growth in use as the U.S. population…

Fibrous Lesions Fibromatosis The first and largest group of lesions involving the proliferation of fibrous tissue are best grouped under the term fibromatosis and include a wide range of clinical…

Bone Cysts and Giant-Cell Tumor Bone Cysts Cysts, or intraosseous bone cavities, develop when one or several of the protean factors that affect bone remodeling cause a focally increased rate…

Osteonecrosis Although risk factors and clinical associations have been identified, the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis is still unknown (1). Theories such as fat emboli, fatty induced intraosseous pressure, intravascular coagulation, microfractures,…