Gastrointestinal System The GI system has the critical task of supplying essential nutrients to fuel all the physiologic and pathophysiologic activities of the body. Its functioning profoundly affects the quality…

Sensory System Through the sensory system, a person receives stimuli that facilitate interaction with the surrounding world. Afferent pathways connect specialized sensory receptors in the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth…

Nervous System The nervous system coordinates and organizes the functions of all body systems. This intricate network of interlocking receptors and transmitters is a dynamic system that controls and regulates…

Musculoskeletal System The musculoskeletal system is a complex system of bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and other tissues that gives the body form and shape. It also protects vital organs,…

Genetics Genetics is the study of heredity—the passing of physical, biochemical, and physiologic traits from biological parents to their children. In this transmission, disorders can be transmitted and mistakes or…

Integumentary System The integumentary system, the largest and heaviest body system, includes the skin—the integument, or external covering of the body—and the epidermal appendages, including the hair, nails, and sebaceous,…

Endocrine system The endocrine system consists of glands, specialized cell clusters, hormones, and target tissues. The glands and cell clusters secrete hormones and chemical transmitters in response to stimulation from…

Reproductive system The reproductive system must function properly to ensure survival of the species. The male reproductive system produces sperm and delivers them to the female reproductive tract. The female…