Alimentary system
17 Alimentary system Andrew T. Raftery ANATOMY Although not part of the alimentary system, the anatomy of the abdominal wall and peritoneal cavity is described here, as it is important…
Cardiovascular system
9 Cardiovascular system Ken Callum, Andrew Dyson ANATOMY HEART Development of the heart The heart begins to develop towards the end of the third week of gestation as a pair…
Nervous system
8 Nervous system Samuel Jacob, Andrew T. Raftery ANATOMY CRANIAL CAVITY The cranium, or the skull, consists of the cranial cavity and the facial skeleton. Most bones of the cranial…
Head and neck
13 Head and neck Samuel Jacob ANATOMY ANATOMY OF THE NECK A thorough knowledge of anatomy is required to treat surgical conditions affecting the neck. For descriptive purposes the neck…
Genitourinary system
18 Genitourinary system Jake M. Patterson, Christopher R. Chapple INTRODUCTION The urinary system functions physiologically as a complex homeostatic mechanism for the regulation of acid-base balance, the excretion of waste…
Respiratory system
11 Respiratory system Andrew Dyson, Andrew T. Raftery ANATOMY TRACHEA The trachea is about 11 cm long, commencing at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage at the level of…
Disorders of growth, differentiation and morphogenesis
4 Disorders of growth, differentiation and morphogenesis M. Andrew Parsons Growth, differentiation and morphogenesis are the processes by which a single cell, the fertilised ovum, develops into a large, complex,…
Endocrine system
14 Endocrine system Barnard J. Harrison Hormones are chemical messengers (peptides, amino acids, steroids, catecholamines) produced by endocrine glands that may act locally on adjacent cells (paracrine action), on target…
Inflammation
2 Inflammation Timothy J. Stephenson Inflammation is the local physiological response to tissue injury. It is not, in itself, a disease, but is usually a manifestation of disease. Inflammation may…
