21 Bacteria—Basic Concepts
FIGURE 21–1. Shapes of bacteria. A. Staphylococcus aureus, cocci arranged in clusters; scanning electron micrograph (SEM). B. Group B streptococci, cocci arranged in chains; SEM. C. Bacillus species, straight rods;…
33 Enterobacteriaceae
BACTERIOLOGY The Enterobacteriaceae are among the largest bacteria, measuring 2 to 4 μm in length with parallel sides and rounded ends. Forms range from large coccobacilli to elongated, filamentous rods….
51 Apicomplexa and Microsporidia
PARASITOLOGY DEFINITION The plasmodia are Apicomplexa in which the sexual and asexual cycles of reproduction are completed in different host species. The sexual phase occurs within the gut of mosquitoes…
29 Clostridium, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroides, and Other Anaerobes
you can, you had better leave the profession: cast your diplomainto the fire; you are not worthy to hold it. —Jacob M. Da Costa (1833-1900): College and Clinical Record The…
6 Viruses—Basic Concepts
FIGURE 6–1. Size comparison of viruses with other microbes. (Adapted with permission from Willey JM: Prescott, Harley, & Klein’s Microbiology, 7th edition. McGraw-Hill, 2008.) Viruses range in size from 20…
14 Herpesviruses
Large, enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses Eight HHVs cause a range of diseases HERPESVIRUSES: GROUP CHARACTERISTICS VIROLOGY All herpesviruses are morphologically similar, with an overall size of 180 to 200 nm….
37 Spirochetes
BACTERIOLOGY MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE The spiral morphology of spirochetes (Figure 37–1) is produced by a flexible, peptidoglycan cell wall around which several axial fibrils are wound. The cell wall and…
16 Arthropod-Borne and Other Zoonotic Viruses
ARTHROPOD-BORNE ZOONOTIC ARBOVIRUSES VIROLOGY In most cases, the zoonotic viruses were first named after the place of initial isolation (eg, St. Louis encephalitis) or after the disease produced (eg, yellow…
55 Tissue Nematodes
TOXOCARA TOXOCARA CANIS: PARASITOLOGY AND LIFE CYCLE (FIGURE 55–1) FIGURE 55–1. Life cycle of Toxocara canis. (Reproduced with permission from Roberts RL, Janovy J, Nadler S: Foundations of Parasitology, 9th…
56 Cestodes
Clinical effects depend on whether humans are definitive hosts or intermediate hosts Tissue cysts, not intestinal worms, cause serious disease PARASITOLOGY MORPHOLOGY Like all helminths, tapeworms lack vascular and respiratory…
