Figure 73.1 Structural relationships among sulfonamides, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), and folic acid. Individual sulfonamides vary greatly with respect to solubility in water. Older sulfonamides had low solubility; therefore they often crystallized…
Nicotine-Based Products Nicotine patch [NicoDerm] Nicotine gum [Nicorette] Nicotine lozenge [Nicorette Lozenge] Nicotine nasal spray [Nicotrol NS] Nicotine inhaler [Nicotrol Inhaler] Nicotine-Free Products Varenicline Bupropion Pharmacologic Aids to Smoking Cessation…
Figure 69.1 Inhibition of transpeptidase by penicillins. The bacterial cell wall is composed of long strands of a peptidoglycan polymer. As depicted, transpeptidase enzymes create cross-bridges between the peptidoglycan strands, giving the…
Figure 34.1 Distribution of blood in the circulatory system. A large percentage of the blood resides in the venous system. What Makes Blood Flow? Blood moves within vessels because the force that…
Figure 51.1 Physiology of penile erection. In the flaccid state, there is free outflow of venous blood and restricted inflow of arterial blood. During sexual arousal, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) relaxes arterial…
Figure 42.1 Basic structure of plasma lipoproteins. Apolipoproteins All lipoproteins have one or more apolipoprotein molecules embedded in their shell (see Fig. 42.1). Apolipoproteins, which constitute the protein component of lipoproteins,…
Figure 79.1 Structure of the human immunodeficiency virus. Note that HIV has two single strands of RNA and that each strand is associated with a molecule of reverse transcriptase. gp41, glycoprotein 41;…
Diuretics Hydrochlorothiazide Spironolactone Beta-Adrenergic Blocker Metoprolol Inhibitors of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Captopril (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) Losartan (angiotensin II receptor blocker) Aliskiren (direct renin inhibitor) Eplerenone (aldosterone antagonist) Calcium Channel Blockers…
Figure 48.1 The menstrual cycle: anatomic and hormonal changes. FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone. Ovarian and Uterine Events The menstrual cycle consists of a coordinated series of ovarian and uterine events….
Figure 54.1 Release of histamine by allergen-antibody interaction. (IgE, immunoglobulin E.) Nonallergic Release Several agents (certain drugs, radiocontrast media, plasma expanders) can act directly on mast cells to trigger histamine release. With…
