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Fig. 11.1 Structural features of L. barbarum flavonoids Moreover, rutin and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside present absence of alkoxyl and glycoxyl ester groups on ring A. These facts explain the high antioxidant potency…

Fig. 4.1 Neurovascular dysregulation and neuroprotection mechanisms of LBP. Under the challenge of external insults, e.g., oxidative stress, aging, and ischemia, LBP inhibits the dysregulation of microenvironment and improves the…

Fig. 10.1 The schematic diagram to show the PONT model. The lines represent the axons in the ON and the circles indicate the cell bodies of RGCs: the purple structures…

Fig. 2.1 Schematic model illustrating the signaling pathways involved in macrophage activation by Lycium barbarum polysaccharides. L. barbarum polysaccharides can activate macrophages via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2. TLR4/2-activated…

Fig. 1.1 Ripen fruits of L. ruthenicum (a), L. barbarum (b), and L. chinense (c) Table 1.1 Morphological differences and geographic distribution of L. chinense, L. barbarum, L. ruthenicum Species…

Fig. 5.1 a, b Smoothing effect of 3 % Instalift™ Goji solution applied to mature facial skin (a: time 0; b: time 60 min). Note the transformation in b of the initially…