Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Rebecca L. Attridge, Rebecca Moote, and Deborah J. Levine KEY CONCEPTS Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) ≥25…
Acute Kidney Injury
Acute Kidney Injury William Dager and Jenana Halilovic KEY CONCEPTS Three classification systems exist for staging severity of acute kidney injury (AKI): (a) Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of…
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Sharya V. Bourdet and Dennis M. Williams KEY CONCEPTS Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a treatable and preventable disease characterized by progressive airflow…
Invasive Fungal Infections
Invasive Fungal Infections Peggy L. Carver KEY CONCEPTS Systemic mycoses can be caused by pathogenic fungi and include histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, and sporotrichosis, or infections by…
Multiple Myeloma
Multiple Myeloma Casey B. Williams and Timothy R. McGuire KEY CONCEPTS Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer that develops in plasma cells, leading to excessive production of a…
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Peter L. Anderson, Thomas N. Kakuda, and Courtney V. Fletcher KEY CONCEPTS Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) occurs through three primary modes: sexual,…
Acute Leukemias
Acute Leukemias Betsy Bickert Poon and Amy Hatfield Seung KEY CONCEPTS Acute leukemias are the most common malignancies in children and the leading cause of cancer-related death in…
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperlipidemia Robert L. Talbert KEY CONCEPTS Hypercholesterolemia, elevated low-density lipoprotein, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are unequivocally linked to increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular…
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis Rocsanna Namdar, Michael Lauzardo, and Charles A. Peloquin KEY CONCEPTS Tuberculosis (TB) is the most prevalent communicable infectious disease on earth. It is the leading cause of…
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Renal Cell Carcinoma Christine M. Walko and Ashley E. Simmons KEY CONCEPTS Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) predominantly occurs later in life, with 70% of all cases diagnosed between…
