THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Chapter 11 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Introduction The endocrine system is essential for the maintenance of most body functions. Endocrine disturbances may therefore manifest in many forms, as minor or major…
THE LIVER AND BILIARY SYSTEM
Chapter 8 THE LIVER AND BILIARY SYSTEM Introduction The liver is the largest internal organ in the body and accounts for 3% to 5% of total body weight. Although it…
PULMONARY DISEASES
Chapter 5 PULMONARY DISEASES Introduction The lungs are part of the respiratory system. As such they have a critical role in the exchange of gases—the inhalation of oxygen (O2) and…
THE KIDNEYS
Chapter 12 THE KIDNEYS Introduction The kidneys are part of the urinary system (tract). The clinical significance of urinary tract diseases may be best illustrated by the fact that urinary…
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Chapter 4 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES Introduction The cardiovascular system is one of the vital organ systems and its failure is one of the major causes of morbidity and the major cause…
BLOOD, BONE MARROW, AND THE LYMPHOID SYSTEM
Chapter 6 BLOOD, BONE MARROW, AND THE LYMPHOID SYSTEM Introduction Bone marrow and the lymphoid system contribute cells to the circulating blood, and thus all three are traditionally included under…
LABORATORY MEDICINE
Chapter 1 LABORATORY MEDICINE Introduction Laboratory medicine is the branch of clinical medicine dealing with changes in the human body that can be detected only by analyzing the body’s chemical…
SYSTEMIC DISEASES
Chapter 3 SYSTEMIC DISEASES Introduction The foundations of modern medicine may be traced to the nineteenth century when the principles of exact sciences were first applied to the study of…
THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Chapter 7 THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT Introduction The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the vital organ systems and a site of many human diseases. The clinical significance of GI diseases…
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Chapter 2 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Introduction The clinical diagnosis of disease is based on the recognition and proper interpretation of its manifestation, commonly known as signs and symptoms. The term…
