Fig. 20.1 Near-infrared (NIR) window tissue absorption coefficients. Between the wavelengths of approximately 700–900 nm, the oxygenated hemoglobin (OxyHb), deoxygenated hemoglobin (DeoxyHb), water, and lipid absorption spectra reach a minimum; this makes…
Fig. 18.1 Viral vector designs 18.2.1.1 Retroviral Vectors Retroviruses are enveloped RNA viruses of 80–130 nm in diameter with a genome size of 8–11 kilobases (kb) [11]. Retroviral genomes are made up…
Fig. 25.1 Examples of established delivery systems. Physical techniques such as electroporation and microinjection, viral vectors in the form of retrovirus or adenovirus, as well as non-viral vectors which include liposomes,…
Fig. 21.1 Schematic illustrating the biomedical applications of MNPs 21.2 Separation of Biological Samples MNPs functionalized with biologically specific components such as antibodies offer a unique opportunity to control and extract…
Species Peak wavelength (nm) Size (kDa) Native substrate Co-factors Native subcellular localization Reference Photinus pyralis 560 62 D-luciferin ATP, O2 Intracellular (peroxisomes) [91] Phrixothrix hirtus 622 61 D-luciferin ATP, O2…
Fig. 7.1 Two different modes for gene transfer in articular cartilage regeneration: the direct in vivo method and the indirect ex vivo method 7.3.2 Vector Types for Cartilage Gene Transfer 7.3.2.1…
Fig. 16.1 Aptamers against cell surface proteins. Aptamers can act both as direct antagonist of the transmembrane receptor targets a and as delivery agents (b–g). b Aptamer–streptavidin–siRNA conjugates; c aptamer–siRNA chimeras;…
Fig. 19.1 Nanomaterials employed for theranostic applications 19.2 Synthesis of Nanoparticulate Raw Materials 19.2.1 Nobel Metal Nanoparticles 19.2.1.1 Gold Gold and its compounds have long been used as medicinal agents, and…
Fig. 11.1 Structure of an antibody (IgG1). IgG1 consists of two heavy chains (gray) and two light chains (black) which are connected by disulfide bonds. The heavy chain contains three constant…
Years Authors Area of PPI study Imaging assay Reporter used References 2002 Ray et al. Development of new assay Two-hybrid system Fluc [68] 2002 Luker et al. Development of new…
