Endocrine system
14 Endocrine system Barnard J. Harrison Hormones are chemical messengers (peptides, amino acids, steroids, catecholamines) produced by endocrine glands that may act locally on adjacent cells (paracrine action), on target…
Inflammation
2 Inflammation Timothy J. Stephenson Inflammation is the local physiological response to tissue injury. It is not, in itself, a disease, but is usually a manifestation of disease. Inflammation may…
Immunology
6 Immunology William Egner, Ravishankar Sargur THE IMMUNE RESPONSE Immunity is defined as resistance to disease. At its most basic level this consists of a physical barrier (the mucosal surfaces…
Haemopoietic and lymphoreticular system
10 Haemopoietic and lymphoreticular system Andrew T. Raftery HAEMOPOIESIS Haemopoiesis is the production of blood cells. In the fetus, blood is formed in the bone marrow, spleen and liver. At…
Basic microbiology
7 Basic microbiology Andrew T. Raftery SURGICALLY IMPORTANTMICRO-ORGANISMS This section will concentrate only on those micro-organisms which cause surgical problems. Microbes may be divided into: • conventional pathogens, i.e. those…
Thrombosis, embolism and infarction
3 Thrombosis, embolism and infarction Ken Callum THROMBOSIS A thrombus is defined as a solid mass formed in the living circulation from the components of the streaming blood. This serves…
Cellular injury
1 Cellular injury Julian L. Burton All mammalian cells strive to survive against a hostile fluctuating environment by expending energy to maintain a tightly regulated internal and local external environment….
