Musculoskeletal System The musculoskeletal system is a complex system of bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and other tissues that gives the body form and shape. It also protects vital organs,…

Genetics Genetics is the study of heredity—the passing of physical, biochemical, and physiologic traits from biological parents to their children. In this transmission, disorders can be transmitted and mistakes or…

Integumentary System The integumentary system, the largest and heaviest body system, includes the skin—the integument, or external covering of the body—and the epidermal appendages, including the hair, nails, and sebaceous,…

Endocrine system The endocrine system consists of glands, specialized cell clusters, hormones, and target tissues. The glands and cell clusters secrete hormones and chemical transmitters in response to stimulation from…

Reproductive system The reproductive system must function properly to ensure survival of the species. The male reproductive system produces sperm and delivers them to the female reproductive tract. The female…

Immune System The immune system is responsible for safe-guarding the body from disease-causing microorganisms. It’s part of a complex system of host defenses. Host defenses may be innate or acquired….

Hematologic System Blood, although a fluid, is one of the body’s major tissues. It continuously circulates through the heart and blood vessels, carrying vital elements to every part of the…

Cancer Cancer, also called malignant neoplasia, refers to a group of more than 100 different diseases that are characterized by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage that causes abnormal cell growth and…