Skeletal System Louis P. Dehner, M.D. Michael Kyriakos, M.D. The complexity of the developing skeletal system was appreciated long before the advent of molecular biology. The molecular genetic understanding of…

Skeletal System Louis P. Dehner, M.D. Michael Kyriakos, M.D. The complexity of the developing skeletal system was appreciated long before the advent of molecular biology. The molecular genetic understanding of…

The Liver, Gallbladder, and Biliary Tract Sarangarajan Ranganathan, M.D. M. John Hicks, M.D., D.D.S., M.S., Ph.D. DEVELOPMENT Hepatobiliary morphogenesis occurs during the first 10 weeks of gestation (1). The liver…

The Gastrointestinal Tract Pierre A. Russo, M.D. EMBRYOLOGY The gastrointestinal tract forms during the 4th week as the cephalocaudal and lateral folds of the trilaminar germ disk develop and incorporate…

The Pineal, Pituitary, Parathyroid, Thyroid, and Adrenal Glands M. John Hicks, M.D., D.D.S., M.S., Ph.D. Nicole Cipriani, M.D. Peter Pytel, M.D. Hiroyuki Shimada, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.A. PINEAL GLAND Anatomy and…

The Kidney and Lower Urinary Tract Laura S. Finn, M.D. Aliya N. Husain, M.D. Rapid advances in the field of genetics and molecular biology are leading to a better understanding…

Soft Tissue Louis P. Dehner, M.D. D. Ashley Hill, M.D. Jason A. Jarzembowski, M.D., Ph.D. The pediatric surgical pathologist who is presented with a “soft tissue tumor” from a child…

Neuromuscular Diseases Kevin E. Bove, M.D. Lili Miles, M.D. NORMAL MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT Detailed reviews of skeletal muscle development provide a basis for understanding early events in myogenesis (1,2). In the…

The Skin Vijaya B. Reddy, M.D., M.B.A. A variety of benign and malignant neoplasms as well as life-threatening inflammatory dermatoses can occur in children and require accurate diagnosis and timely…

The Pineal, Pituitary, Parathyroid, Thyroid, and Adrenal Glands M. John Hicks, M.D., D.D.S., M.S., Ph.D. Nicole Cipriani, M.D. Peter Pytel, M.D. Hiroyuki Shimada, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.A. PINEAL GLAND Anatomy and…