Chapter 41 Molybdenum and Beneficial Bioactive Trace Elements Forrest H. Nielsen, PhD Definition of Ultratrace Elements In 1980 the term ultratrace element began to appear in the nutritional literature; the…
Chapter 31 Vitamin D Steven K. Clinton, MD, PhD∗ Common Abbreviations 7-DHC 7-dehydrocholesterol 25OHD 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25-hydroxycholecalciferol; calcidiol 1,25(OH)2D 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; calcitriol 24-OH-ase 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase 25-OH-ase 25-hydroxylase 1α-OH-ase 25-hydroxyvitamin…
Chapter 9 Digestion and Absorption of Protein Paul J. Moughan, PhD, DSc, FRSC, FRSNZ and Bruce R. Stevens, PhD Common Abbreviations DPPIV dipeptidyl peptidase IV LPI lysinuric protein intolerance ORT…
Chapter 2 Food Components with Health Benefits Elizabeth H. Jeffery, PhD, Kelly A. Tappenden, RD, PhD and Anna-Sigrid Keck, PhD, CIP Common Abbreviations ALA α-linolenic acid CLA conjugated linoleic acid…
Chapter 11 Dietary Fiber Joanne L. Slavin, PhD, RD∗ Fiber is not an essential nutrient in the usual way we consider essential nutrients. Tube-fed patients have survived on liquid diets…
Chapter 10 Digestion and Absorption of Lipids Patsy M. Brannon, PhD, RD, Patrick Tso, PhD and Ronald J. Jandacek, PhD Common Abbreviations ABC ATP-binding cassette proteins ACAT acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase…
Chapter 3 Guidelines for Food and Nutrient Intake Christina Stark, MS, RD, CDN Common Abbreviations Nutrient Standards AI Adequate Intake AMDR Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range DRI Dietary Reference Intake DRV…
Chapter 1 Nutrients History and Definitions Martha H. Stipanuk, PhD Nutrients are defined as chemical substances found in foods that are necessary for human life and growth, maintenance, and repair…
Extent of defect Aetiology Superficial and perianal defects AIN/Paget’s disease/melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers Condyloma Hidradenitis suppurativa Pilonidal disease Post-debridement for trauma/infection Partial anal defects Local tumour excision Repair post-stenosis…
Fig. 18.1 Anal endosonography of a man with a transsphincteric fistula (same patient as Fig. 18.4). There is a hyporeflective track (arrows) through the external sphincter, but it is more…
