Drugs for Weight Loss
Figure 66.1 Body mass index calculation. Figure 66.2 Adult weight classification based on body mass index (BMI). (Adapted from National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Body Mass Index Table, 2012. Complete table available…
Miscellaneous Antibacterial Drugs
Fluoroquinolone Ciprofloxacin Cyclic Lipopeptide Daptomycin Mechanism of Action Ciprofloxacin inhibits two bacterial enzymes: DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Both are needed for DNA replication and cell division. DNA gyrase converts…
Drug Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Figure 57.1 Progressive joint degeneration in rheumatoid arthritis. A, Healthy joint. B, Inflammation of synovial membrane. C, Onset of pannus formation and cartilage erosion. D, Pannus formation progresses, and cartilage deteriorates further….
Review of the Immune System
Figure 52.1 Maturation of blood cells. With the exception of platelets and erythrocytes, all of the mature blood cells shown participate in immune responses. However, only cells of lymphoid origin (cytolytic T…
Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis, Cough, and Colds
Figure 61.1 Pharmacologic management of allergic rhinitis. INS, intranasal steroids. (From American Academy of Otolaryngology. Clinical practice guideline: allergic rhinitis. 2015. http://www.entnet.org/content/clinical-practice-guideline-allergic-rhinitis.) Intranasal Glucocorticoids The basic pharmacology of the glucocorticoids is discussed in…
Drugs for Heart Failure
Figure 40.1 Relationship of ventricular diameter to contractile force. In the normal heart and the failing heart, increased fiber length produces increased contractile force. However, for any given fiber length, contractile force…
Drug Abuse IV
Black Box Warning: Methadone Methadone can cause life-threatening QT prolongation as well as severe respiratory depression. Because of the long half-life of methadone, it should only be prescribed by health…
Aminoglycosides
Figure 72.1 Mechanism of action of aminoglycosides. A, Protein synthesis begins with binding of the 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits to messenger RNA (mRNA), followed by attachment of the first amino acid…
Adrenergic Agonists
Figure 13.1 Structures of representative catecholamines and noncatecholamines. Catecholamines: All of the catecholamines share the same basic chemical formula. Because of their biochemical properties, the catecholamines cannot be used orally, cannot cross…
Drugs for the Ear
Figure 86.1 Anatomy of the ear. The purple arrows indicate flow of the mucociliary system, which can transport bacteria out of the middle ear. Otitis Media and Its Management Otitis media (OM),…
