Skin Structure and Physiology
Fig. 1.1 Schematic diagram of the skin (© Williams (2003), used with permission) On average, human skin contains 40–70 hair follicles and 200–250 sweat ducts per square centimetre of skin. The…
The Devil is in the Detail…
Fig. 9.1 A comparison of experimental permeability for a series of captopril carboxyl ester prodrugs with the QSAR models of skin permeability proposed by Moss and Cronin (2002), Potts and Guy…
Conclusions and Recommendations for Model Development and Use
Essential properties Desirable properties A well-defined and readily measurable endpoint (i.e. permeability, k p, or flux (J max or J ss) Do not extrapolate or use the model beyond its…
Methods for the Measurement of Percutaneous Absorption
Fig. 2.1 Examples of commonly used diffusion cells (© Williams (2003), used with permission) There are two main types of diffusion cells: static and flow-through cells. The vast majority of in…
Allergenic Sensitisation Mediated by Wolfberry
Classification of plant food allergens Superfamily Family Biological function Common allergens Prolamin 2S albumins Seed storage Wheat, peanut (Ara h 2, Ara h 6, Ara h 7), walnut (Jug r…
Role of Lycium Barbarum Extracts in Retinal Diseases
Fig. 11.1 Structural features of L. barbarum flavonoids Moreover, rutin and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside present absence of alkoxyl and glycoxyl ester groups on ring A. These facts explain the high antioxidant potency…
Effects of Lycium barbarum on Modulation of Blood Vessel and Hemodynamics
Fig. 4.1 Neurovascular dysregulation and neuroprotection mechanisms of LBP. Under the challenge of external insults, e.g., oxidative stress, aging, and ischemia, LBP inhibits the dysregulation of microenvironment and improves the…
Secondary Degeneration After Partial Optic Nerve Injury and Possible Neuroprotective Effects of Lycium Barbarum (Wolfberry)
Fig. 10.1 The schematic diagram to show the PONT model. The lines represent the axons in the ON and the circles indicate the cell bodies of RGCs: the purple structures…
Immunoregulation and Lycium Barbarum
Fig. 2.1 Schematic model illustrating the signaling pathways involved in macrophage activation by Lycium barbarum polysaccharides. L. barbarum polysaccharides can activate macrophages via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2. TLR4/2-activated…
Chemical and Genetic Diversity of Wolfberry
Fig. 1.1 Ripen fruits of L. ruthenicum (a), L. barbarum (b), and L. chinense (c) Table 1.1 Morphological differences and geographic distribution of L. chinense, L. barbarum, L. ruthenicum Species…
