The Spleen
The 20th century brought technical advances in terms of hemostasis and blood transfusion as well as an understanding of the pathophysiology of splenic function.4 The spleen was identified as the…
Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension
Figure 59-1. Evolution of cirrhosis. Fibrosis develops in nonregenerative necrotic areas, producing scars. The pattern of nodularity and scars reflects the type of response to injury (e.g., uniform vs. nonuniform…
Ileus and Bowel Obstruction
Figure 49-1. Schematic illustration of different forms of simple mechanical obstruction. Simple obstruction is most often due to adhesion (A), groin hernia (B), or neoplasm (C). The hernia can act…
Venous Disease
For the diagnosis of superficial vein thrombophlebitis (SVT), duplex ultrasound is also important.13 In a prospective epidemiologic study, including 844 patients with symptomatic SVT, 210 (24.9%) had concomitant DVT at…
Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid–Base Balance
In the ICF, potassium is the dominant cation. Total body potassium is normally approximately 42 mEq/kg, and most of this potassium is intracellular and freely exchangeable. Magnesium and sodium ions…
Childhood Tumors
Figure 105-1. Percentage distribution of childhood solid tumors by age (SEER data, 1975–1995). In the United States, the cancer survival rate in children has improved over time. This is largely…
Pediatric Genitourinary System
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPCKD) – also known as infantile polycystic kidney disease – results from mutations in the PKHD1 gene of the chromosomal locus 6p12.2. The classic presentation…
Cerebrovascular Disease
Figure 89-1. Stroke due to carotid bifurcation occlusive disease is usually caused by atheroemboli arising from the internal carotid artery, which provides the majority of blood flow to the cerebral…
Environmental Injuries
Figure 33-1. Heat sensor – nasal pit. (Photo courtesy of Ronny Stewart, MD.) Snakes are easily identifiable reptiles, marked anatomically by the large number (greater than 120) of precloacal vertebral…
Cutaneous Neoplasms
Figure 107-1. Examples of skin lesions. A: Giant congenital nevus. B: Lentigo maligna (Hutchinson freckle). C: Melanoma arising in a lentigo maligna (lentigo maligna melanoma). D: Superficial spreading melanoma. E:…
