Antiviral Drugs
Figure 43–1 Mechanisms of action of nucleoside analogues used in the treatment of viral infections. Acyclovir and other nucleoside analogues are converted to active nucleoside triphosphates by viral and host…
PHARMACY
Anticoagulant, Antiplatelet, and Fibronolytic Drugs
Figure 16–1 Normal hemostasis. (1) When a small blood vessel is injured, vasospasm reduces blood flow and facilitates platelet aggregation and coagulation. (2) The platelets, which adhere to extravascular collagen,…
Antihypertensive Drugs
The classification includes two stages of hypertension that confer differences in follow-up recommendations and management. In addition to providing information about lifestyle modifications, stage 1 hypertension should be confirmed within…
Psychotherapeutic Drugs
Sites of Drug Action Some antipsychotic drugs (e.g., clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone) block serotonin 5-HT2 receptors in the mesocortical pathway to the prefrontal lobe cortex. This increases the release of…
Antiepileptic Drugs
Figure 20–1 Patterns on electroencephalogram (EEG) in the normal state and during seizures. The locations of seizure foci are shown as shaded areas on the cerebral hemispheres. (A) In the…
Introduction to Central Nervous System Pharmacology
Figure 18–1 CNS neurotransmission and sites of drug action. CNS drugs act primarily by affecting the synthesis, storage, release, reuptake, or degradation of neurotransmitters (NTs) or by activating receptors. NTs…
Adrenoceptor Agonists
Figure 8–1 Primary tissue locations of α-adrenoceptors and β-adrenoceptors. Whereas α1– and β2-adrenoceptors are primarily located in smooth muscle, β1-adrenoceptors are predominantly found in cardiac tissue. Some α2-adrenoceptors are located…
Sedative-Hypnotic and Anxiolytic Drugs
Effects of Drugs on Sleep Architecture The sleep patterns of patients with insomnia vary widely but are often characterized by reduced amounts of slow-wave sleep and by one or more…
Drugs for Heart Failure
Figure 12–1 Pathophysiology and treatment of heart failure. ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme. The combination of edema-related hypoxemia and the heart’s failure to pump sufficient blood to adequately perfuse the tissues…
Antiparasitic Drugs
OVERVIEW Endoparasitic infections are extremely common in many parts of the world, particularly in areas where the climate is warm and moist, the sanitation is poor, and insects and other…
