Newly Described Entities in Renal Tumor Pathology
Fig. 26.1 a Clear cell papillary RCC showing an aggregate of branching tubules, some cystically dilated and containing small papillary structures. The tubules are lined by cells with clear cytoplasm…
PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE
Intraoperative Consultation for Renal Masses: Challenges and Implications for Treatment
Fig. 31.1 Frozen section of a renal angiomyolipoma mimicking oncocytic renal cell neoplasms. Original magnification × 200 An incisional biopsy of a renal lesion may be submitted for intraoperative consultation…
Intraoperative Consultation for Bladder Tumors: Challenges and Implications for Treatment
Fig. 19.1 Frozen section of a ureteral margin showing urothelium with reactive atypia associated with subepithelial edema and mild chronic inflammation. Slight, but uniform, nuclear enlargement is seen, but the…
Genomics and Epigenomics of Prostate Cancer
Fig. 11.1 Complexity of ETS gene fusions in prostate cancer. a Multiple 50 partners ( red) and ETS genes ( blue) have been identified. b Two genomic mechanisms of TMPRSS2:ERG…
Intraoperative Consultation for Prostate Tumors: Challenges and Implications for Treatment
Fig. 10.1 Benign glands “infiltrating” skeletal muscle at the apex. Original magnification × 100 Bladder neck: The specimen submitted for FSA is usually larger than biopsies from other locations, often…
Anatomy of the Prostate Revisited: Implications for Prostate Biopsy and Zonal Origins of Prostate Cancer
Fig. 1.1 Sagittal plane view of the prostate gland. (Reprinted with permission, Cleveland Clinic Center for Medical Art & Photography © 2014, all rights reserved) Coronal sections along the course…
Contemporary Gleason Grading System
Fig. 2.1 Comparison of the diagrams of the original Gleason grading system (a) and the ISUP 2005 modified Gleason grading system (b). (a Used with permission from [5]. b Used…
New Molecular Markers of Diagnosis and Prognosis in Prostate Cancer
Biomarker Functional role Clinical application Category AMACR β-oxidation of branched chain fatty acids Diagnostic Tissue TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusions Oncogenic transcription factor Diagnostic, prognostic, predictive Tissue or urine GSTP1 Caretaker gene…
Clinical and Management Implications Associated with Histologic Subtypes of Renal Cell Carcinomas
Asymptomatic (60 %) Symptomatic (40 %) Tumor related Flank pain Hematuria Abdominal mass Lower extremity edema Metastasis related Bone pain Neurologic symptoms Persistent cough, hemoptysis Paraneoplastic syndromes (5–10 %) Hypercalcemia…
Surgical Pathology Reporting of Renal Cell Carcinomas
Fig. 25.1 Clear cell carcinoma with coagulative tumor necrosis. True coagulative tumor necrosis, in contrast to hyalinized areas of scarring and regression often seen in clear cell RCC, consists of…
