Figure 82-1. Schematic diagram of the fibrous cardiac skeleton. Two papillary muscles arise directly from the ventricular wall: the anterolateral and posteromedial papillary muscles. Importantly, the anterolateral papillary muscle usually…

Figure 78-1. A: Sagittal view. B: Coronal view. ICA, internal carotid artery; CN, cranial nerve. PATHOLOGY OF SELLAR LESIONS Pituitary Adenomas 2, 3 Pituitary adenomas are the most common tumors…

Figure 81-1. The anatomy of atrial septal defects. In the sinus venosus type (A), the right upper and middle pulmonary veins frequently drain to the superior vena cava or right…

CLINICAL PRESENTATION 3 The presentation of GI bleeding can range from mild asymptomatic bleeding to overt GI bleeding. UGI bleeding typically presents with hematemesis (the vomiting of blood) or melena,…

Figure 83-1. Anatomy of the cardiac circulation. A: Anterior view. B: Posterior view. Venous anatomy is more predictable, and very little pathology within this system is encountered. Three named venous…

Figure 85-1. Normal anatomic aortic segments. The aortic root extends from the aortic annulus to the sinotubular junction. The aortic root is the largest diameter section of the aorta when…

Figure 21-1. Cerebral pressure autoregulation. The normal relationship is indicated by the solid line with autoregulatory breakpoints at 50 and 150 mm Hg. Two disrupted states are also diagrammed. Complete…

Figure 44-1. Topographic relations of the stomach. As a first approximation, the lymphatic drainage of the stomach parallels gastric venous return (Fig. 44-3). Lymph from the proximal portion of the…

Figure 66-1. Age-specific incidence of UC in Midwestern US population. (Adapted from Loftus CG, Loftus EV Jr, Harmsen WS, et al. Update on the incidence and prevalence of Crohn’s disease…

Figure 86-1. This drawing illustrates the pericardial attachments of the great vessels and pulmonary veins. The oblique sinus forms a blind cul-de-sac behind the left atrium, and the transverse sinus…