Figure 97-1. Arteriogram demonstrating bilateral femoral artery aneurysms that extend into the superficial femoral arteries. Unlike many patients with femoral artery aneurysms, this patient did not have an associated aortic…

Figure 54-1. Three-hit hypothesis for pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis. NGF, nerve growth factor. Adapted from Whitcomb DC. Genetic risk factors for pancreatic disorders. Gastroenterology 2013;144:1292–1302. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The pathophysiology of CP…

Figure 48-1. Arterial blood supply to the duodenum. Following its embryologic origins, the vascular supply to the duodenum arises from branches of the celiac trunk for the foregut portion, whereas…

Figure 23-1. Zones of the neck. The inferior and lateral extensions of zone I are often contested and debated. While this is not well described, our practice is to classify…

Figure 6-1. Primary hemostasis is achieved initially with a platelet aggregation as illustrated. Note that platelet adhesion, shape change, granule release, followed by recruitment and the hemostatic plug at the…

Figure 88-1. Proposed mechanism of Staphylococcus epidermidis–mediated graft infection. MICROBIOLOGY Primary Arterial Infections For infected aortic aneurysms, blood cultures are negative in approximately one-fourth of subjects.4 Intraoperative cultures are more…

The biochemical changes associated with the hypoperfusion of shock occur even with compensation. Because of the potential difficulties in diagnosing compensated shock, an arterial and/or venous blood gas analysis including…

Figure 34-1. The signal hypothesis of T-cell activation and molecular targets of modern clinical immunosuppression. T-cell activation requires three signals to initiate an effector response: antigen presentation of nonself MHC,…

The main priorities in prehospital care continue to be the avoidance of hypoxia and hypotension in the mother. Maintenance of an adequate airway, as well as provision of supplemental oxygen,…