Extravascular Antimicrobial Distribution and the Respective Blood and Urine Concentrations in Humans
Fluid-Filled Spaces These sites provide the most readily interpretable data on extravascular drug distribution. The drug accumulates by means of passive diffusion, specimens rarely are contaminated by blood, and repeated…
Susceptibility Testing of Antimicrobials in Liquid Media
It is evident that a distinct advantage of broth methods is that they permit the determination of a minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) end point. For those laboratories involved in special…
Applications, Significance of, and Methods for the Measurement of Antimicrobial Concentrations in Human Body Fluids
The measurement of antibiotic concentrations in various fluids has been a prominent aspect of the evaluation of new antibiotics and the quality control of their manufacture. With the availability of…
Antimycobacterial Agents: In Vitro Susceptibility Testing and Mechanisms of Action and Resistance
As with TB control, there have been numerous other advances in our understanding of M. tuberculosis. Perhaps the most notable advances emanated from the complete genome sequencing of multiple serovars…
Antiviral Agents for HIV, Hepatitis, Cytomegalovirus, and Influenza: Susceptibility Testing Methods, Modes of Action, and Resistance
To better understand the modes of action and antiviral resistance of HIV the basic structure of the virus should be appreciated. HIV is a member of the Lentivirus genus in…
Disinfectants and Antiseptics: Modes of Action, Mechanisms of Resistance, and Testing Regimens
Sterilization processes must render surfaces and devices free of all living microorganisms, including spores. The sterility assurance level (SAL) defines the probability of survival of any viable organisms after sterilization…
Molecular Methods for Detection of Antibacterial Resistance Genes: Rationale and Applications
Table 9.1 descriptions include commonly used NAATs such as traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multiplex PCR, real-time PCR, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and helicase-dependent amplification…
Antimicrobial Susceptibility on Solid Media
FACTORS IN AGAR COMPOSITION Antagonists of Folate Synthesis Inhibitors Paraaminobenzoic acid (p-ABA) is a potent inhibitor of sulfonamides. Concentrations found in certain media such as peptone water and nutrient agar…
