Figure 31–1 Relationships between hypothalamic hormones, pituitary hormones, and target organs. Numerous hormone-releasing and hormone-inhibiting factors formed in the arcuate and other hypothalamic nuclei are transported to the anterior pituitary…
PAIN PATHWAYS Exposure to a noxious stimulus activates nociceptors on the peripheral free nerve endings of primary afferent neurons. The cell bodies of these neurons sit alongside the spinal cord…
Second-line drugs are reserved to treat patients infected with organisms that are resistant to first-line drugs. They include rifabutin and rifapentine (other derivatives of rifamycin), fluoroquinolone drugs (see Chapter 40),…
Figure 3–1 Structure of a typical GPCR. All GPCRs consist of a long polypeptide chain of amino acids threaded through the cell membrane with seven transmembrane (TM) domains. These TM…
Figure 9–1 Competitive and noncompetitive blockade of epinephrine-induced aortic smooth muscle contraction by phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine. Three dose-response curves are compared. A is the curve of epinephrine alone. B is…
Figure 17–1 Iron metabolism. Ingested iron is absorbed from the intestinal mucosa into the circulation, where it is bound to transferrin. Iron is distributed to tissues for incorporation into hemoglobin,…
Because migraine is the most serious and common type of headache in patients afflicted with a headache disorder, it is the main focus of the discussion. The chapter closes with…
Figure 37–1 Sites of action of antimicrobial drugs. Antimicrobial drugs include cell wall synthesis inhibitors, protein synthesis inhibitors, metabolic and nucleic acid inhibitors (e.g., inhibitors of folate synthesis, DNA gyrase,…
Figure 5–1 Neurotransmission in the autonomic and somatic nervous systems. The parasympathetic nervous system consists of cranial and sacral nerves with long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers. The sympathetic nervous…
Figure 4–1 Steps in the process of drug development in the United States. IND = investigational new drug; NDA = new drug application. Discovery and Characterization New drug compounds are…
