Cohort studies
Chapter 7Cohort studies 7.1 Purpose Cohort studies are generally considered to be the best type of observational study for evaluating risk factors and causality, and sometimes the natural history of…
Fundamental concepts
Chapter 1Fundamental concepts This chapter provides a summary background to observational studies, their main purposes, the common types of designs, and some key design features. Further details on design and…
Quality of care studies
Chapter 8Quality of care studies Chapters 5–7 focussed on studies that examined the relationship between exposures and outcome measures, usually for a well-defined clinical disorder. In a similar way, it…
Conducting and reporting observational studies
Chapter 11Conducting and reporting observational studies There are established systems for conducting and reporting observational studies, and most will proceed through a standard set of stages (Box 11.1). Box 11.1…
Antimicrobial Drugs: Mechanism of Action
10 Antimicrobial Drugs: Mechanism of Action CHAPTER CONTENTS PRINCIPLES OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY BACTERICIDAL & BACTERIOSTATIC ACTIVITY MECHANISMS OF ACTION Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibition of Protein Synthesis Inhibition of…
Cellular Basis of the Immune Response
58 Cellular Basis of the Immune Response CHAPTER CONTENTS Origin Of Immune Cells Origin of T Cells Origin of B Cells Origin of Natural Killer Cells Origin of Macrophages T…
Antigen–Antibody Reactions in the Laboratory
64 Antigen–Antibody Reactions in the Laboratory CHAPTER CONTENTS Introduction Types Of Diagnostic Tests Agglutination Precipitation (Precipitin) Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Immunofluorescence (Fluorescent Antibody) Complement Fixation Neutralization Tests Immune…
Gram-Positive Cocci
15 Gram-Positive Cocci CHAPTER CONTENTS Introduction Staphylococcus Streptococcus Streptococcus pneumoniae Self-Assessment Questions Summaries of Organisms Practice Questions: USMLE & Course Examinations INTRODUCTION There are two medically important genera of gram-positive…
Blood & Tissue Protozoa
52 Blood & Tissue Protozoa CHAPTER CONTENTS Introduction Plasmodium Toxoplasma Pneumocystis Trypanosoma Leishmania Self-Assessment Questions Summaries of Organisms Practice Questions: USMLE & Course Examinations INTRODUCTION The medically important organisms in…
