It is evident that a distinct advantage of broth methods is that they permit the determination of a minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) end point. For those laboratories involved in special…
The measurement of antibiotic concentrations in various fluids has been a prominent aspect of the evaluation of new antibiotics and the quality control of their manufacture. With the availability of…
As with TB control, there have been numerous other advances in our understanding of M. tuberculosis. Perhaps the most notable advances emanated from the complete genome sequencing of multiple serovars…
To better understand the modes of action and antiviral resistance of HIV the basic structure of the virus should be appreciated. HIV is a member of the Lentivirus genus in…
Sterilization processes must render surfaces and devices free of all living microorganisms, including spores. The sterility assurance level (SAL) defines the probability of survival of any viable organisms after sterilization…
Table 9.1 descriptions include commonly used NAATs such as traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multiplex PCR, real-time PCR, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and helicase-dependent amplification…
FACTORS IN AGAR COMPOSITION Antagonists of Folate Synthesis Inhibitors Paraaminobenzoic acid (p-ABA) is a potent inhibitor of sulfonamides. Concentrations found in certain media such as peptone water and nutrient agar…
Cell Lines and Organism A number of different cell lines have been used to propagate C. trachomatis, including McCoy, HeLa 229, and BHK-21 (clone 13). According to a recent study,…
POLYENES Amphotericin B (AmB), natamycin, and nystatin are the currently available polyenes, although differing safety profiles have limited natamycin and nystatin to topical use (2). Polyenes possess a large lactone…
The cytoplasmic membrane in each group of bacteria is a semipermeable membrane that regulates molecular flow, in turn determining pH (143,148,149), osmotic pressures (150), and availability of essential substances. The…
