Ectopic Parathyroid Tumor Key Facts Clinical Issues Incidence Among the rarest neuroendocrine tumors in mediastinum Usually in adults Symptoms Chest pain Cough Dyspnea Hyperparathyroidism Kidney stones Top Differential Diagnoses Well-differentiated…
Benign Mediastinal Foregut Cyst Key Facts Terminology Benign cystic tumors that are classified depending on epithelial lining Etiology/Pathogenesis So-called foregut cysts believed to arise due to abnormality during early gestational…
Neurofibroma Key Facts Terminology Neurofibroma (NF) Etiology/Pathogenesis Proliferation of perineural fibroblasts, Schwann cells, and neurites Clinical Issues One of most common neural tumors Usually adults in 3rd or 4th decade…
History of Kidney Transplantation Lynn D. Cornell, MD CHRONOLOGY AND EVOLUTION First Successful Human Living-Donor Kidney Transplants 1954 Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Transplant donor and recipient were identical…
Rhabdomyosarcoma Key Facts Clinical Issues Anterior mediastinum Cough Chest pain Dyspnea Pleural effusion Highly aggressive tumors with short survival Microscopic Pathology Sheets of “small round blue cells” with hyperchromatic nuclei…
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Key Facts Terminology Peripheral nerve sheath tumor (PNST) Synonyms: Malignant schwannoma, neurofibrosarcoma, neurogenic sarcoma Clinical Issues These tumors are more common in posterior mediastinum but can…
Choriocarcinoma Key Facts Terminology Chorioepithelioma Clinical Issues Incidence May represent the least common of all germ cell tumors in mediastinum Represents < 5% of all germ cell tumors of mediastinum…
Neuroblastoma/Ganglioneuroblastoma Key Facts Terminology Neuroblastoma (NB), ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB) Differentiating neuroblastoma and immature ganglioneuroma both synonyms for GNB Malignant neoplasm composed of immature neural elements (NB) that may be admixed with…
Hodgkin Lymphoma of the Mediastinum Key Facts Clinical Issues Asymptomatic in about 50% of patients (incidental finding on chest x-ray or CT scan) More frequent in young patients; female predilection…
Embryonal Carcinoma Key Facts Terminology Embryonal carcinoma adult type Clinical Issues Incidence Unusual tumor in its pure form More often accompanied with another germ cell tumor, mainly yolk sac tumor…
