Unless something disturbs a solution (e.g., extreme solute concentration or temperature), there is normally no reason to fear its stability, aside from potential microbial contamination. It should be remembered that…
where dm/dt = solute dissolution rate (kg · s−1) m = mass of dissolved material (kg) t = time (s) A = surface area of the solute particle (m2) D…
Figure 6.1 Hydrophilic colloid Hydrophilic groups attached to a colloidal particle can help particle stability by adding more repulsion between particles via electrostatic forces. Lyophobic colloids, in contrast (to lyophilic colloids),…
, where V = volume, n = number of moles, R = gas constant, T = temperature, and P = pressure. Consider the liquid state of water: according to the…
Figure 7.1 Illustration of a suspension Typically, suspensions are coarse dispersions consisting of solid particles (100–50000 nm in diameter) in liquid dispersion media. Particles and potential energy To briefly review, when…
Figure 5.1 A simple interaction between a liquid and vapor or air A pure liquid in a container (such as a beaker) with a vapor phase above the bulk liquid. A…
The qualifying statement leads to the following extended definition: ‘If all components are in the same physical state, the component present in the greatest proportion is considered the solvent for…
