Rheumatology

Mar 14, 2017 by in PHARMACY Comments Off on Rheumatology

Osteoarthritis (OA) This common degenerative disorder, characterised by inadequate repair of cartilage and periarticular bone in response to damage or injury, ultimately leads to joint failure. Radiological evidence of OA…

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Cardiovascular Disease

Mar 14, 2017 by in PHARMACY Comments Off on Cardiovascular Disease

Ischaemic Heart Disease This typically presents as the tight or crushing central chest pain of angina or myocardial infarction. Less commonly, it presents as an arrhythmia or conduction defect, or…

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Endocrinology and Metabolism

Mar 14, 2017 by in PHARMACY Comments Off on Endocrinology and Metabolism

History Key features of the history in a patient with endocrine and metabolic disease are shown in Table 7.1. Table 7.1 Key Features of the History in a Patient with…

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Renal Disease

Mar 14, 2017 by in PHARMACY Comments Off on Renal Disease

Urinary Tract Infection There are two main clinical syndromes: 1. Cystitis, characterised by suprapubic tenderness, dysuria and frequency. NB These symptoms can occur without urinary infection. Other causes include non-specific…

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Musculoskeletal System

Mar 14, 2017 by in PHARMACY Comments Off on Musculoskeletal System

History Key features of the history in a patient with musculoskeletal disease are shown in Table 8.1. Table 8.1 Key Features of the History in a Patient with Musculoskeletal Disease…

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Neurology

Mar 14, 2017 by in PHARMACY Comments Off on Neurology

Headache Headache is the most frequently reported neurological symptom, accounting for considerable morbidity in the general population. The clinician’s challenge is to exclude a treatable underlying intra- or extracranial secondary…

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Endocrine Disorders

Mar 14, 2017 by in PHARMACY Comments Off on Endocrine Disorders

Thyroid The term ‘goitre’ simply denotes enlargement of the thyroid gland. It may be diffuse or nodular, simple or toxic, benign or malignant, and physiological or pathological. Minor enlargement of…

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Gastroenterology

Mar 14, 2017 by in PHARMACY Comments Off on Gastroenterology

Gastric and Duodenal Ulceration Aetiology Infection with Helicobacter pylori and the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, both steroidal and non-steroidal (including aspirin), are the most common precipitating factors. Smoking increases the…

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Neurological System

Mar 14, 2017 by in PHARMACY Comments Off on Neurological System

History Key features of the history in a patient with neurological disease are shown in Table 6.1. Table 6.1 Features of the History in Neurological Disease Feature Details Rationale Basic…

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Metabolic Disorders

Mar 14, 2017 by in PHARMACY Comments Off on Metabolic Disorders

Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the term used to describe a group of metabolic disorders characterised by hyperglycaemia and due to: deficiency in pancreatic beta (β)-cell insulin production; and/or…

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