Genitourinary Trauma
Algorithm 26-1. Algorithm for the evaluation and management of renal injury. 2 Grade I and II injuries rarely require further management. The bulk of blunt grade III and nonvascular grade…
Renal Transplantation
Figure 36-1. The growth in the number of patients awaiting transplant (A) has exceeded the relatively stagnant rate of deceased-donor kidney transplants leading to progressively increasing waiting times over the…
Fetal, Neonatal, and Pediatric Physiology
Figure 99-1. Fetal circulation. (From Rosdahl CB, Kowalski MT, eds. Textbook of Basic Nursing. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2012.) Transition to Postnatal Life 3 One of the most critical…
Diseases of Appendix
Table 71-2 Alvarado or MANTRELS Scoring System There have been numerous studies evaluating other potential serum and urinary markers of appendicitis, including but not limited to inflammatory cytokines such as…
Lower Extremity Aneurysms
Figure 97-1. Arteriogram demonstrating bilateral femoral artery aneurysms that extend into the superficial femoral arteries. Unlike many patients with femoral artery aneurysms, this patient did not have an associated aortic…
Chronic Pancreatitis
Figure 54-1. Three-hit hypothesis for pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis. NGF, nerve growth factor. Adapted from Whitcomb DC. Genetic risk factors for pancreatic disorders. Gastroenterology 2013;144:1292–1302. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The pathophysiology of CP…
Anatomy and Physiology of the Small Intestine
Figure 48-1. Arterial blood supply to the duodenum. Following its embryologic origins, the vascular supply to the duodenum arises from branches of the celiac trunk for the foregut portion, whereas…
Neck Injuries
Figure 23-1. Zones of the neck. The inferior and lateral extensions of zone I are often contested and debated. While this is not well described, our practice is to classify…
Hemostasis
Figure 6-1. Primary hemostasis is achieved initially with a platelet aggregation as illustrated. Note that platelet adhesion, shape change, granule release, followed by recruitment and the hemostatic plug at the…
Vascular Infection
Figure 88-1. Proposed mechanism of Staphylococcus epidermidis–mediated graft infection. MICROBIOLOGY Primary Arterial Infections For infected aortic aneurysms, blood cultures are negative in approximately one-fourth of subjects.4 Intraoperative cultures are more…
