Fig. 31.1 Frozen section of a renal angiomyolipoma mimicking oncocytic renal cell neoplasms. Original magnification × 200 An incisional biopsy of a renal lesion may be submitted for intraoperative consultation…
Fig. 19.1 Frozen section of a ureteral margin showing urothelium with reactive atypia associated with subepithelial edema and mild chronic inflammation. Slight, but uniform, nuclear enlargement is seen, but the…
Fig. 11.1 Complexity of ETS gene fusions in prostate cancer. a Multiple 50 partners ( red) and ETS genes ( blue) have been identified. b Two genomic mechanisms of TMPRSS2:ERG…
Fig. 10.1 Benign glands “infiltrating” skeletal muscle at the apex. Original magnification × 100 Bladder neck: The specimen submitted for FSA is usually larger than biopsies from other locations, often…
Fig. 1.1 Sagittal plane view of the prostate gland. (Reprinted with permission, Cleveland Clinic Center for Medical Art & Photography © 2014, all rights reserved) Coronal sections along the course…
Biomarker Functional role Clinical application Category AMACR β-oxidation of branched chain fatty acids Diagnostic Tissue TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusions Oncogenic transcription factor Diagnostic, prognostic, predictive Tissue or urine GSTP1 Caretaker gene…
Fig. 2.1 Comparison of the diagrams of the original Gleason grading system (a) and the ISUP 2005 modified Gleason grading system (b). (a Used with permission from [5]. b Used…
Asymptomatic (60 %) Symptomatic (40 %) Tumor related Flank pain Hematuria Abdominal mass Lower extremity edema Metastasis related Bone pain Neurologic symptoms Persistent cough, hemoptysis Paraneoplastic syndromes (5–10 %) Hypercalcemia…
Fig. 25.1 Clear cell carcinoma with coagulative tumor necrosis. True coagulative tumor necrosis, in contrast to hyalinized areas of scarring and regression often seen in clear cell RCC, consists of…
Fig. 18.1 In normal urothelium and in reactive atypia CK20 expression is limited to the umbrella cell layer (a); CD44 stains predominantly the basal cell layer, although patchy positivity can…
