Laparoscopic Splenectomy
Laparoscopic Splenectomy Steven D. Schwaitzberg History While open splenectomy has been performed since the 1500s, reports of laparoscopic splenectomy began appearing in the literature in 1991 and 1992. Over time…
Splenic Preservation
Splenic Preservation Charles E. Lucas Anna M. Ledgerwood Dangers of the Asplenic State Throughout the past millennia, knowledge of splenic function has been elusive. The ancients considered the spleen to…
Calculus Disease of the Urinary Tract: Endourinary Procedures
Calculus Disease of the Urinary Tract: Endourinary Procedures Michael Kearney Ravi Kacker Introduction Renal calculi have plagued humankind throughout the ages. Before the advent of antibiotics, the surgical treatments and…
Neonatal Enterocolitis and Short Bowel Syndrome
Neonatal Enterocolitis and Short Bowel Syndrome Brad W. Warner Jacqueline M. Saito Despite dramatic progress in the overall care of the premature infant, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a significant…
Anatomy of the Kidneys, Ureter, and Bladder
Anatomy of the Kidneys, Ureter, and Bladder Richard L. Drake Jennifer M. McBride Kidneys The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal connective tissue of the posterior abdominal wall. They develop…
Functional Bowel Disorders
Functional Bowel Disorders Michael R.B. Keighley Incontinence Incontinence of feces is a demoralizing and psychologically devastating condition for the patient. It is far worse in terms of quality of life…
Splenectomy and Splenorrhaphy
Splenectomy and Splenorrhaphy Demetrios Demetriades Lydia Lam Introduction The importance and role of the spleen remained unknown until the 1950s when its hematological and immunological functions were described. Although the…
Rectal Prolapse: Perineal Approach
Rectal Prolapse: Perineal Approach Angelita Habr-Gama Carlos Eduardo Jacob Rodrigo Oliva Perez Igor Proscurshim Treatment of rectal prolapse still represents a significant challenge for colorectal surgeons. Besides being associated with…
Rectal Prolapse: the Open Abdominal Approach
Rectal Prolapse: the Open Abdominal Approach Philip H. Gordon Introduction Rectal prolapse is the protrusion of the full thickness of the rectal wall through the anal sphincter. More than 100…
Transanal Pull Through for Hirschsprung Disease
Transanal Pull Through for Hirschsprung Disease Jacob C. Langer Introduction Hirschsprung disease is characterized by absence of ganglion cells within the submucosal and myenteric plexuses in the distal bowel, most…
