The Reproductive System
The Reproductive System The study of the endocrinology of the male and female reproductive systems is a specialized field and overlaps with urology, obstetrics and gynaecology. This chapter looks at…
Pregnancy and Infertility
Pregnancy and Infertility This chapter discusses the biochemical changes that occur in pregnancy and how clinical biochemistry tests can be used in the investigation of infertility. PREGNANCY AND LACTATION If…
The Adrenal Cortex
The Adrenal Cortex A number of endocrine abnormalities involve the adrenal glands, and some of the more common conditions are discussed in this chapter, which should perhaps be read in…
The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ENDOCRINE DIAGNOSIS A hormone can be defined as a substance secreted by an endocrine gland that is transported in the blood, thereby…
Acid-Base Disturbances
Acid-Base Disturbances The importance of acid-base homeostasis cannot be overstated because of its importance in keeping hydrogen ion (H+) balance under control. Acid-base abnormalities are relatively common medically, and it…
Calcium, Phosphate and Magnesium
Calcium, Phosphate and Magnesium Disorders of calcium metabolism are common in clinical practice and may result in hypocalcaemia or hypercalcaemia as well as bone abnormalities. Intimately associated with calcium disorders…
The Kidneys
The Kidneys In this chapter kidney function and how it can be altered in disease states is discussed. It is best read in conjunction with Chapters 2, 4 and 5….
Water and Sodium
Water and Sodium It is essential to understand the linked homeostatic mechanisms controlling water and sodium balance when interpreting the plasma sodium concentration and managing the clinically common disturbances of…
Requesting Laboratory Tests and Interpreting the Results
Requesting Laboratory Tests and Interpreting the Results REQUESTING LABORATORY TESTS There are many laboratory tests available to the clinician. Correctly used, these may provide useful information, but, if used inappropriately,…
