PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system begins its activity when the fetus is barely 4 weeks old and is the last system to cease activity at the end of life. This…
Respiratory System
Respiratory System The respiratory system’s major function is gas exchange, in which air enters the body on inhalation (inspiration); travels throughout the respiratory passages, exchanging oxygen for carbon dioxide at…
Malignant Neoplasms
Malignant Neoplasms INTRODUCTION Mainly a disease of older adults, cancer is second to cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death in the United States (more than 560,000 deaths annually)….
Renal System
Renal System The components of the renal system are the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys, located retroperitoneally in the lumbar area, produce and excrete urine to maintain homeostasis….
Skin Disorders
Skin Disorders INTRODUCTION Skin is the body’s front-line protective barrier between internal structures and the external environment. It’s tough, resilient, and virtually impermeable to aqueous solutions, bacteria, or toxic compounds….
Gastrointestinal System
Gastrointestinal System The GI system has the critical task of supplying essential nutrients to fuel all the physiologic and pathophysiologic activities of the body. Its functioning profoundly affects the quality…
Sensory System
Sensory System Through the sensory system, a person receives stimuli that facilitate interaction with the surrounding world. Afferent pathways connect specialized sensory receptors in the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth…
Nervous System
Nervous System The nervous system coordinates and organizes the functions of all body systems. This intricate network of interlocking receptors and transmitters is a dynamic system that controls and regulates…
