Stage Flocks and Kadesky—1958 Petkovic—1959 Robson—1969   5-year survival (%)  5-year survival (%)  5-year survival (%) 1 Limited to renal capsule 55 Renal limited and encapsulated 75 Renal limited 66 2…

Fig. 41.1 Frozen section of an adenomatoid tumor with cords of tumor cells and fibrotic background mimicking an adenocarcinoma. Original magnification × 100 “Benign” tumors: Most of small masses often…

Fig. 21.1 Pap stain 20×. Bladder washing specimen obtained from a patient with a history of urothelial CIS. The instrumentation effect from the washing may slough off epithelial fragments and…

Fig. 7.1 Preoperative nomogram based on 1978 patients treated by two high-volume surgeons between 1987 and 2003 for predicting the 10-year probability of freedom from prostate-specific antigen ( PSA) recurrence…

Fig. 26.1 a Clear cell papillary RCC showing an aggregate of branching tubules, some cystically dilated and containing small papillary structures. The tubules are lined by cells with clear cytoplasm…

Fig. 31.1 Frozen section of a renal angiomyolipoma mimicking oncocytic renal cell neoplasms. Original magnification × 200 An incisional biopsy of a renal lesion may be submitted for intraoperative consultation…

Fig. 19.1 Frozen section of a ureteral margin showing urothelium with reactive atypia associated with subepithelial edema and mild chronic inflammation. Slight, but uniform, nuclear enlargement is seen, but the…

Fig. 11.1 Complexity of ETS gene fusions in prostate cancer. a Multiple 50 partners ( red) and ETS genes ( blue) have been identified. b Two genomic mechanisms of TMPRSS2:ERG…

Fig. 10.1 Benign glands “infiltrating” skeletal muscle at the apex. Original magnification × 100 Bladder neck: The specimen submitted for FSA is usually larger than biopsies from other locations, often…

Fig. 1.1 Sagittal plane view of the prostate gland. (Reprinted with permission, Cleveland Clinic Center for Medical Art & Photography © 2014, all rights reserved) Coronal sections along the course…