Figure 34.1 Genetic pathways for urothelial carcinoma tumorigenesis. Noninvasive papillary tumors are characterized by early activating mutations of the FGFR3 gene, inactivating mutations or epigenetic alterations of the P16 gene,…
Allele type Repeat range Methylation status Normal 5–44 Not methylated Intermediate/gray zone 45–54 Not methylated Premutation 55–200 Not methylated Full mutation >200 Methylated Methylation mosaic >200 Variable methylation Premutation/full-mutation mosaic…
Manufacturer Assay method Sample preparation Amplification strategy Detection strategy Contamination controls IC Becton Dickinson SDA DNA extraction via para-magnetic particle technology Target Fluorescence Closed System Yes Routine environmental monitoring suggested…
Figure 49.1 Schematic of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for differentiation of two organisms (A and B). Differences in DNA (1) encode for different protein products (2) which are differentially fragmented under…
Antibiotic Resistance gene Nucleotide change Amino acid change Clarithromycin 23S rRNA A2142G NA A2143G NA Ciprofloxacin gyrA C(T) to A N87K C(T) to G N87K A to G D91G G…
Herpesviruses Herpes simplex 1 and 2 Varicella-zoster Epstein-Barr Cytomegalovirus Human herpesvirus 6 Enteroviruses Poliovirus Coxsackievirus Echovirus Numbered enteroviruses Parechoviruses Human parechovirus 1–14 Arboviruses See Table 48.2 Childhood illness associated Measles…
Clinical use General assay characteristics Specific clinical applications Diagnosis Rapid turnaround time thereby facilitating targeted antiviral therapy Highly specific for the pathogen of interest More sensitive than conventional methods such…
Test Method Target Specimen volume a Range Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor® version 1.5 (Roche Diagnostics Indianapolis, IN) RT-PCR HIV-1 gag gene Standard 200 μl 400–750,000 copies/mL Ultrasensitive 500 μl 50–100,000 copies/mL…
Figure 20.1 Proposed mechanism for HLA-B*5701 abacavir hypersensitivity Australia was one of the earliest countries to introduce routine HLA-B*5701 screening and results from the prospective study that was conducted between…
