Category Histology Comments Normal Absent or inactive septal inflammation Active inflammation includes blastic lymphocytes and/or eosinophils Indeterminate for ACR Active septal inflammation without additional findings No ductitis or venulitis Grade…
Fig. 1.1 Genetic map of the human and mouse MHCs. (a) Schematic map of human MHC on chromosome 6. Illustrations are not drawn to scale. The centromere (circle) and major…
Grade of ACR Apoptotic bodies per 10 consecutive crypts (n) Epithelial injury Lamina propria inflammation No ACR ≤2 None Normal components Indeterminate 3–5 Minimal, usually focal Minimal, usually localized Mild…
Fig. 7.1 (a–d) Examples of Grade 0—no rejection. Note the normal epidermis and minimal, superficial perivascular, lymphocyte-predominant inflammatory infiltrate 7.1.2 Grade I Rejection: Mild The presence of mild inflammation characterizes…
Chapter 11 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Introduction The endocrine system is essential for the maintenance of most body functions. Endocrine disturbances may therefore manifest in many forms, as minor or major…
Chapter 8 THE LIVER AND BILIARY SYSTEM Introduction The liver is the largest internal organ in the body and accounts for 3% to 5% of total body weight. Although it…
Chapter 5 PULMONARY DISEASES Introduction The lungs are part of the respiratory system. As such they have a critical role in the exchange of gases—the inhalation of oxygen (O2) and…
Chapter 12 THE KIDNEYS Introduction The kidneys are part of the urinary system (tract). The clinical significance of urinary tract diseases may be best illustrated by the fact that urinary…
Chapter 4 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES Introduction The cardiovascular system is one of the vital organ systems and its failure is one of the major causes of morbidity and the major cause…
Chapter 6 BLOOD, BONE MARROW, AND THE LYMPHOID SYSTEM Introduction Bone marrow and the lymphoid system contribute cells to the circulating blood, and thus all three are traditionally included under…
