Diagnostic component is spindle or epithelioid smooth muscle cells  Epithelioid smooth muscle cells are typically large, with round to oval nuclei, and eosinophilic to fibrillar or vacuolated cytoplasm • Features that…

 INR is > 1.5, and there is no evidence of chronic liver disease • Corresponding pathologic terms: Massive/submassive necrosis, fulminant hepatitis Clinical Issues • Acetaminophen is most common cause of acute liver…

 Chronic hepatitis – Persistent, often progressive inflammatory process characterized by lymphocytic inflammation of portal tracts with varying degrees of parenchymal inflammation, hepatocellular injury, and fibrosis  Chronicity judged in several ways: Clinical,…

 Includes neoplastic lesions previously classified as adenomas (both intestinal and pyloric types), papillary carcinoma in situ, papillomatosis Clinical Issues • Many patients asymptomatic, and ICPN discovered incidentally at cholecystectomy • Associated with…

 2nd most common primary liver cancer after hepatocellular carcinoma  Has been increasing around world, including USA  Very prevalent in Asia, particularly in northeastern Thailand  Equal frequency in men and women…

 Mitoses > 20 in 10 HPF (based on count of at least 50 HPF; 1 HPF = 2 mm²), or  Ki-67 labeling index > 20% based on at least 500…

 Often accompanied by cholestasis • Vanishing bile duct syndrome  Used to describe ductopenia related to drugs but not specific term Etiology/Pathogenesis • Many medication classes implicated  Antiinflammatory, antibiotics, antiepileptics, psychiatric drugs, tranquilizers,…

Giant Cell TransformationH&E-stained section of a liver biopsy in a child with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) shows giant cell transformation of perivenular hepatocytes, typical of childhood cholestasis syndromes. Bland…

 Results in different enzymatic defects in liver that are classified as glycogen storage disease (GSD) types 0, I, II, III, IV, VI, and IX  Types I, III, and IX account…

 Hepatitis C accounts for ∼ 20% of cases of acute hepatitis Clinical Issues • Symptoms generally mild or patients are asymptomatic  Fulminant hepatic failure is rare • Most patients with acute hepatitis…