Nonneoplastic Diseases of Bones
The preparation of routine sections of bone after embedding requires the prior removal of calcium from the bone. As occasionally an unexpected underlying neoplastic process may be found, we routinely…
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
OVERVIEW OF TROPHOBLASTIC SUBPOPULATIONS AND PATHOGENESIS OF TROPHOBLASTIC NEOPLASIA Trophoblast plays a crucial role in implantation and placentation. It exhibits a number of unique properties in accordance with its wide…
Melanocytic Lesions
The cytologic characteristics of benign melanocytes or nevus cells are often variable. A comparison of the nuclear features of melanocytes with the features of adjacent normal keratinocyte or endothelial cell…
Anus and Perianal Area
Whenever the anatomy of the anal canal is discussed, one visible landmark, namely the dentate or pectinate line, is mentioned as important. This line is located at the distal end…
Developmental Abnormalities of the Kidney
Relatively small kidneys of small for gestational age and prematurely born infants may have nephron deficit, a condition known as congenital oligonephropathy, which could lead to renal functional problems in…
ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY
Endocrine Pathology PITUITARY General Principles Where is the pituitary gland located? In the sella turcica near the optic chiasm and cavernous sinus What are the two distinct…
GASTROINTESTINAL PATHOLOGY
Gastrointestinal Pathology EMBRYOLOGY From which embryologic tissue are most gastrointestinal organs derived? Endoderm During which weeks of embryologic development does most visceral organ development occur? Organogenesis occurs between…
NEUROPATHOLOGY
Neuropathology EMBRYOLOGY What structures or cells related to the nervous system are derived from neuroectoderm? The pineal gland, neurons of the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes What…
REPRODUCTIVE PATHOLOGY
Reproductive Pathology EMBRYOLOGY When is the genotype of an embryo established? At fertilization Define the undifferentiated stage of embryologic development: A period when the genetically female and male…
