Chapter 11 Hybrid and potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli strains Victor A. Garcia-Angulo1, Mauricio J. Farfan2 and Alfredo G. Torres1, 1University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA, 2Universidad de Chile,…
Chapter 3 Evolution of pathogenic Escherichia coli Sujay Chattopadhyay and Evgeni V. Sokurenko, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Introduction As with evolution in general, bacterial evolution happens through the…
Chapter 4 Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Shahista Nisa, Karen M. Scanlon and Michael S. Donnenberg, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Background Definition and classification Enteropathogenic E. coli…
Fig. 8.1 Schistosoma hematobium eggs in cytologic preparations. (a) S. hematobium egg shows an oval structure with a terminal spine (at the end of an oval egg) surrounded by urothelial…
Fig. 5.1 Suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (SHGUC). One single abnormal well-preserved intermediate urothelial cell displays an eccentric nucleus with increased N/C ratio, hyperchromasia, irregular clumpy chromatin, and mildly irregular…
Fig. 3.1 Superficial urothelial (umbrella) cells. (a) The cytoplasm of large superficial cells is very frothy and abundant resulting in a low N/C ratio. Nuclei have pale finely granular chromatin….
Fig. 6.1 High-grade urothelial carcinoma. (a) High-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). The sample is hypercellular showing numerous tumor cells that demonstrate pleomorphism and necrosis in the background (Voided urine, SP, low…
WHO 1973 classification 2004 WHO/ISUP classification Urothelial papilloma Urothelial papilloma Grade 1 Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential Grade 2 Low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma Grade 3 High grade…
Fig. 9.1 Basic principles of U-FISH assay. The assay contains directly fluorescent dye-labelled single-strand DNA probes. Pre-analytical procedures include slide preparation (including pretreatment of pre-stained slides). UroVysion assay starts with…
Fig. 4.1 Benign urothelial cells. The top left corner shows benign superficial urothelial cells (umbrella cells) and the bottom right corner has benign intermediate/basal type urothelial cells. Although the non-superficial…
