Fig. 16.1 Aptamers against cell surface proteins. Aptamers can act both as direct antagonist of the transmembrane receptor targets a and as delivery agents (b–g). b Aptamer–streptavidin–siRNA conjugates; c aptamer–siRNA chimeras;…
Fig. 19.1 Nanomaterials employed for theranostic applications 19.2 Synthesis of Nanoparticulate Raw Materials 19.2.1 Nobel Metal Nanoparticles 19.2.1.1 Gold Gold and its compounds have long been used as medicinal agents, and…
Fig. 11.1 Structure of an antibody (IgG1). IgG1 consists of two heavy chains (gray) and two light chains (black) which are connected by disulfide bonds. The heavy chain contains three constant…
Years Authors Area of PPI study Imaging assay Reporter used References 2002 Ray et al. Development of new assay Two-hybrid system Fluc [68] 2002 Luker et al. Development of new…
Fig. 6.1 Schematic representation of various layers in blood vessels 6.2 Important Signaling Molecules in Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis Understanding important signaling molecules at each level of development of arteries, veins and…
Class of modification Modification to plasmid backbone Resultant alterations References Increasing antigen expression Gene promoter Increased transcription [92–94] Intronic sequence Increased transcription [95–97] Enhancer/transactivator Increased transcription [62, 99, 100]…
Fig. 3.1 Problems of TCRαβ gene therapy and their solution. a Formation of mispaired TCRαβ. Mispairing between endogenous TCRαβ and introduced TCRαβ may generate specificity for un-intended targets. Shown are the…
Fig. 4.1 Anoikis activation pathways. Lack of adhesion to the extracellular matrix via integrins (transmembrane proteins consisting of α- and β-subunits) reduces the anti-apoptotic signals Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. The pro-apoptotic pathways…
Fig. 1.1 An outline of this book, which is organized into 5 parts Part I of this book, which includes Chaps. 2–7, is focused on cell and tissue engineering. Regenerative medicine…
(1.1) where E is Young’s modulus, σ is axial strain, and ε is axial stress. Young’s modulus can be used to predict compression as a result of axial stress. Typical…
