Viruses: Molecular Virology
Figure 1 Structural features of an influenza A virion. Two glycoprotein spikes, haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) and the M2 protein are embedded in a lipid bilayer derived from the…
Influenza Viruses
As with other enveloped viruses, the initial step in replication is binding of viral surface glycoproteins to cell surface receptors (Figure 1). All influenza viruses initiate infection by binding to…
Engineering the Next-Generation PET Detectors
[2]. A PET camera detects many of these 511 keV photon pairs in coincidence. These pairs are then assigned to lines of response (LOR) which are used in the image…
Engineering Multivalent and Multispecific Protein Therapeutics
Fig. 14.1 Targeting strategies for multivalent and multispecific proteins. Circles and squares represent individual binding sites that can be either identical (monospecific) or different (bispecific). Ligand can simultaneously bind: a two…
Stem Cells: The Holy Grail of Regenerative Medicine
Fig. 2.1 Classification of stem cells: Depending upon the differentiation potential into different lineages, stem cells are categorized as totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, oligopotent, and unipotent 1. Totipotent: A single cell capable…
Engineering Aspects of Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Systems
Fig. 10.1 Jablonski diagram to illustrate the electronic changes occurring in the donor and acceptor molecules during a BRET process. The donor (D) molecule is normally in its ground state energy…
Activation Approaches on Delivery of Imaging and Therapeutic Agents
Linkers Chemical structures Therapeutic agents References Acetal Diethylstilboestrol [63] Doxorubicin [64] Ester Bortezomib [65] Doxorubicin [66] Hydrazone Cisplatin [51] Doxorubicin [49, 50, 52] Geldanamycin [67] Gemcitabine [68]…
Engineering Upconversion Nanoparticles for Biomedical Imaging and Therapy
Fig. 22.1 a TEM image of ~8 nm-sized β-NaLuF4:Gd/Yb/Tm. b In vivo imaging of a black mouse after subcutaneous injection of citric acid-modified sub-10 nm-sized β-NaLuF4:Gd3+/Yb3+/Tm3+ and citric acid-modified β-NaYF4:Yb/Tm when detected from…
