Senile (Aging-Related) Cataracts
Senile (Aging-Related) Cataracts DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY • Clouding or opacity in the crystalline lens of the eye. • Absence or altered red reflex (small cataracts stand out as dark defects). • Gradual loss…
Uterine Fibroids
Uterine Fibroids DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY • Majority are asymptomatic. • When symptomatic: vague feeling of discomfort, pressure, congestion, bloating, heaviness; pain with vaginal sexual activity, urinary frequency, backache, abdominal enlargement, and abnormal…
Menorrhagia
Menorrhagia DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY • Excessive menstrual bleeding (blood loss >80 mL) occurring at regular cyclical intervals (cycles are usually, but not necessarily, of normal length). • May be caused by dysfunctional…
Varicose Veins
Varicose Veins DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY • Dilated, tortuous, superficial veins in the lower extremities. • May be asymptomatic or associated with fatigue, aching discomfort, feeling of heaviness, or pain. • Edema, pigmentation, and…
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Seborrheic Dermatitis DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY • Superficial erythematous papules and scaly eruptions on scalp, cheeks, and intertrigo of axilla, groin, and neck. • Usually nonpruritic. • Seasonal, worse in winter. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS • Seborrheic…
Pneumonia: Bacterial, Mycoplasmal, and Viral
Pneumonia: Bacterial, Mycoplasmal, and Viral GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Acute pneumonia is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. It is particularly dangerous in the elderly. It usually…
Periodontal Disease
Periodontal Disease DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY • Gingivitis: inflammation of the gingiva characterized by erythema, contour changes, and bleeding. • Periodontitis: localized pain, loose teeth, demonstration of dental pockets, erythema, swelling and/or suppuration;…
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY • Dyspareunia. • Mucopurulent cervical discharge. • Pelvic pain; bilateral adnexal tenderness. • Palpable adnexal mass. • Elevated temperature (>101° F). • Cervical motion tenderness. • White blood cell count 20,000/μL,…
Otitis Media
Otitis Media DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY Acute Otitis Media • Earache or irritability • History of recent upper respiratory tract infection or allergy • Red, opaque, bulging eardrum with loss of the normal features…
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY • Symptoms: mild early morning stiffness, stiffness after periods of rest, pain that worsens on joint use, and loss of joint function. • Signs: local tenderness, soft tissue…
