Acid-Base Chemistry of Organic Molecules
CHAPTER OUTLINE 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Three Theories of Acids and Bases 5.3 Self-Ionization of Water and the pH Scale 5.4 Avoiding Confusion—Use of “Acid” and “Base” and Related Terms 5.5 The Acid Dissociation Constant Ka…
Reactions of Carbonyl Species
CHAPTER OUTLINE 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Nature of the Carbonyl Group 7.3 Relative Reactivity of Carbonyl-Containing Functional Groups 7.4 Hydration of Aldehydes and Ketones 7.5 Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols Box 7.1—Glucuronidation in the…
Nucleophilic Substitution, Addition, and Elimination Reactions
CHAPTER OUTLINE 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Nucleophiles 6.3 Electrophiles Box 6.1—Electrophiles in cancer drugs 6.4 Leaving Groups 6.5 Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution Reactions—SN2 Box 6.2—SN2 reactions in biological chemistry 6.6 Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution Reactions—SN1 6.7 Neighboring Group Assistance in…
The Nature of Bonding in Organic Molecules
CHAPTER OUTLINE 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Nature of Covalent and Ionic Bonds Box 1.1—Drawing organic molecules 1.3 Polarization of Covalent Bonds 1.4 Atomic Orbitals and Valence Bond Theory 1.5 Hybridization of Orbitals and Tetrahedral Carbon…
