Basicmedical Key

35 Protein Digestion and Amino Acid Absorption Proteolytic enzymes (also called proteases) break down dietary proteins into their constituent amino acids in the stomach and the intestine. Many of these…

4 Water, Acids, Bases, and Buffers Approximately 60% of our body is water. It acts as a solvent for the substances we need, such as K+, glucose, adenosine triphosphate (ATP),…

36 Fate of Amino Acid Nitrogen: Urea Cycle In comparison with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, the metabolism of amino acids is complex. We must be concerned not only with the…

44 Liver Metabolism The liver is strategically interposed between the general circulation and the digestive tract. It receives 20% to 25% of the volume of blood leaving the heart each…

43 Blood Plasma Proteins, Coagulation, and Fibrinolysis The blood is the body’s main transport system. Although the transport and delivery of oxygen to the cells of the tissues is carried…

29 Digestion and Transport of Dietary Lipids Triacylglycerols are the major fat in the human diet, consisting of three fatty acids esterified to a glycerol backbone. Limited digestion of these…

34 Integration of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism This chapter summarizes and integrates the major pathways for the utilization of carbohydrates and fats as fuels. We concentrate on reviewing the regulatory…

3 Fasting The Fasting State. Fasting begins approximately 2 to 4 hours after a meal, when blood glucose levels return to basal levels, and continues until blood glucose levels begin…

2 The Fed or Absorptive State The Fed State. During a meal, we ingest carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, which are subsequently digested and absorbed. Some of this food is oxidized…