Opioid Antagonists
DRUG CLASSES Opioid antagonist An antagonist is a substance that counteracts the action of something else. A drug that is an opioid antagonist has a greater affinity for a cell…
Antibacterial Drugs That Interfere With DNA/RNA Synthesis
DRUG CLASSES Fluoroquinolones As antibiotics become resistant to various microorganisms, researchers develop drugs that affect different portions of the bacterial cell. In Chapters 7 and 8 you read about how…
Anesthetic Drugs
DRUG CLASSES Local anesthetics Preanesthetics General anesthetic agents Anesthesia is a loss of feeling or sensation. Anesthesia may be induced by various drugs that can bring about partial or complete…
General Principles of Pharmacology
NURSING ALERT Study the patterns used in the naming of drugs. This may help you to identify names and prevent medication errors. Certain portions of the drug name may be…
The Nursing Process
Figure 4.1 The nursing process as it relates to administration of medication. An ongoing assessment is one that is made at the time of each patient contact and may include…
Colligative Properties of Solutions
Unless something disturbs a solution (e.g., extreme solute concentration or temperature), there is normally no reason to fear its stability, aside from potential microbial contamination. It should be remembered that…
Solubility and Dissolution
where dm/dt = solute dissolution rate (kg · s−1) m = mass of dissolved material (kg) t = time (s) A = surface area of the solute particle (m2) D…
Disperse Systems – Colloids
Figure 6.1 Hydrophilic colloid Hydrophilic groups attached to a colloidal particle can help particle stability by adding more repulsion between particles via electrostatic forces. Lyophobic colloids, in contrast (to lyophilic colloids),…
Intermolecular Interactions
, where V = volume, n = number of moles, R = gas constant, T = temperature, and P = pressure. Consider the liquid state of water: according to the…
Disperse Systems – Coarse Dispersions – Suspensions and Emulsions
Figure 7.1 Illustration of a suspension Typically, suspensions are coarse dispersions consisting of solid particles (100–50000 nm in diameter) in liquid dispersion media. Particles and potential energy To briefly review, when…
