Wound Healing
Figure 5-1. Four phases of wound healing: plotted against “Time” on the X axis, the four phases shown in different colors occur sequentially, and overlap. Overall the total time period…
Biliary Injuries and Strictures and Sclerosing Cholangitis
A number of factors are associated with bile duct injury during either open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy, including acute or chronic inflammation, inadequate exposure, patient obesity, and failure to identify structures…
Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Figure 95-1. Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm: comparison of survival rates in untreated patients versus surgically treated patients. Many TAAAs result from chronic ascending and descending aortic dissections. Familial clustering of aortic…
Biliary Neoplasms
Figure 63-1. Unresectable gallbladder cancer demonstrating palliative transhepatic percutaneous stent placed to relieve jaundice. Porcelain gallbladder is present (arrows). Pathology and Staging More than 80% of gallbladder cancers are adenocarcinomas;…
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Figure 93-1. A–C: Examples of digital ischemic ulcerations resulting from progressive arterial insufficiency. Figure 93-2. Long-segment total occlusion of superficial femoral artery in a patient with a long history of…
Valvular Heart Disease and Cardiac Tumors
Figure 82-1. Schematic diagram of the fibrous cardiac skeleton. Two papillary muscles arise directly from the ventricular wall: the anterolateral and posteromedial papillary muscles. Importantly, the anterolateral papillary muscle usually…
Pituitary Surgery
Figure 78-1. A: Sagittal view. B: Coronal view. ICA, internal carotid artery; CN, cranial nerve. PATHOLOGY OF SELLAR LESIONS Pituitary Adenomas 2, 3 Pituitary adenomas are the most common tumors…
Congenital Heart Disease
Figure 81-1. The anatomy of atrial septal defects. In the sinus venosus type (A), the right upper and middle pulmonary veins frequently drain to the superior vena cava or right…
Acute Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
CLINICAL PRESENTATION 3 The presentation of GI bleeding can range from mild asymptomatic bleeding to overt GI bleeding. UGI bleeding typically presents with hematemesis (the vomiting of blood) or melena,…
Ischemic Heart Disease
Figure 83-1. Anatomy of the cardiac circulation. A: Anterior view. B: Posterior view. Venous anatomy is more predictable, and very little pathology within this system is encountered. Three named venous…
